最近开始读哈耶克的《通往奴役之路》。这本书的译者提醒读者注意,哈耶克将社会主义与纳粹主义混为一谈,“攻击社会主义与纳粹主义有同样的思想基础,这是极端反动的”。不只是社会主义,我感觉哈耶克同样不认可社会民主主义,以及所有试图靠计划而不是自由竞争获取社会繁荣和人的自由、平等的努力。
我只读了这本书的一小部分,很难读懂,而且这本书的翻译也不是很令人满意,翻译的生硬不容易理解。好在有 Google Books,很多内容可以对照英文来进行进一步的体会。这可能也说明,对于晦涩的文字,真正好的翻译是很难做到的,尊重原文就可能使人读起来不知所云;自己去自由发挥又可能损害了作者的本意。
我感觉,哈耶克对“计划”的极端反感,可能使人读起来有“污蔑社会主义”的意味。知乎上还有一些人疑问为什么这本书不被禁止呢。一方面,可以肯定,有这种疑问的人,根本没有读过这本书,搞清楚哈耶克的意思;另一方面,也反映出知乎社区的年轻化、弱智化倾向。自己不喜欢的、不认同的,就要将其屏蔽、禁止,那你怎么保证自己的认识就一定是正确的、合理的、不会被禁止。很无奈,这些人就是审查、屏蔽制度存在的理由和沃土。
恰恰相反,哈耶克并不认为“自由竞争”是万能的,他也主张在某些领域,在竞争和价格机制不能发挥作用的地方,使用管理的办法。我摘录了一段话,就是证明。
There are, finally, undoubted fields where no legal arrangements can create the main condition on which the usefulness of the system of competition and private property depends: namely, that the owner benefits from all the useful services rendered by his property and suffers for all the damages caused to others by its use.
Where, for example, it is impracticable to make the enjoyment of certain services dependent on the payment of a price, competition will not produce the service; and the price system becomes similarly ineffective where the damage caused to others by certain uses of property cannot be effectively charged to the owner of that property.
In all these instances there is a divergence between the items which enter into private calculation and those which affect social welfare; and, whenever this divergence becomes important, some method other than competition may have to be found to supply the services in question.
我只读了这本书的一小部分,很难读懂,而且这本书的翻译也不是很令人满意,翻译的生硬不容易理解。好在有 Google Books,很多内容可以对照英文来进行进一步的体会。这可能也说明,对于晦涩的文字,真正好的翻译是很难做到的,尊重原文就可能使人读起来不知所云;自己去自由发挥又可能损害了作者的本意。
我感觉,哈耶克对“计划”的极端反感,可能使人读起来有“污蔑社会主义”的意味。知乎上还有一些人疑问为什么这本书不被禁止呢。一方面,可以肯定,有这种疑问的人,根本没有读过这本书,搞清楚哈耶克的意思;另一方面,也反映出知乎社区的年轻化、弱智化倾向。自己不喜欢的、不认同的,就要将其屏蔽、禁止,那你怎么保证自己的认识就一定是正确的、合理的、不会被禁止。很无奈,这些人就是审查、屏蔽制度存在的理由和沃土。
恰恰相反,哈耶克并不认为“自由竞争”是万能的,他也主张在某些领域,在竞争和价格机制不能发挥作用的地方,使用管理的办法。我摘录了一段话,就是证明。
There are, finally, undoubted fields where no legal arrangements can create the main condition on which the usefulness of the system of competition and private property depends: namely, that the owner benefits from all the useful services rendered by his property and suffers for all the damages caused to others by its use.
Where, for example, it is impracticable to make the enjoyment of certain services dependent on the payment of a price, competition will not produce the service; and the price system becomes similarly ineffective where the damage caused to others by certain uses of property cannot be effectively charged to the owner of that property.
In all these instances there is a divergence between the items which enter into private calculation and those which affect social welfare; and, whenever this divergence becomes important, some method other than competition may have to be found to supply the services in question.
当然,这也不意味着应该更多的使用“管理”而不是依靠竞争手段。
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